Effects of Europe’s Colonization of Africa Essay

Imperialism is the political, economic, and social control by one country over another country. In the 1800’s, many European countries began their imperialism of most of Africa. But when the Europeans were finally forced out, the government, economy, and social life were in ruins because a lack of concern by the Europeans, and their hasty decisions. The Europeans ignored the social effects on the African people completely. When the new â€Å"borders† of Africa were drawn at the Berlin Conference, of which no African people had any input, the Europeans drew the lines according to what they wanted, and not what the African people had already established. The effect of this was that many ethnic and religious groups, and even sometimes families, were split up, causing mass havoc and chaos. The Europeans also decided that they were going to implement their own religion into the African peoples. Many times, if an African resisted, he would be beat for his religious beliefs because he would not convert to Christianity. Mostly, this only angered the African people. Overall, there was simply a total disregard for African life throughout the imperialism of Africa. Many Europeans had views that were contradictory. One such example is Henry Morton Stanley. Although he claimed to accept the Africans, he often portrayed them as childlike and ignorant. However, he was the ignorant one, not realizing what he was saying. Maybe it was not that he did not realize what he was saying, but he was trying to satisfy one group, while portraying his true personality to another. The political impacts of imperialism are probably the most widespread. The way the borders were drawn has created several civil wars that still rage on today. The lack of concern on the Europeans’ part created a huge problem when they left; they had made the borders so that previously warring tribes were placed in the same place, creating havoc. Also, few Africans had a strong governing power to begin with, and the leaders did not know how to deal with the economic mess, nor the social mess, because their knowledge and resources were so limited. Another huge problem was deciding who would be in power. This goes back to the civil wars and lack of concern on the  Europeans’ parts; they had made the borders so that previously warring tribes were placed in the same place, creating havoc. This led to the economic and political problems that still exist in Africa today. Economically, the Europeans depleted many of the resources that Africa had. The countries went in, plundered what they wanted, and sold it to their home countries, with the Africans receiving none of the profit. This can be likened to someone discovering a gold coin in a neighbor’s backyard, but declaring that it was their’s because they found it. This wouldn’t happen most places, but since the Europeans were the ruling powers of the time, there was no one to stop them. But what resources the Europeans didn’t completely plunder, they didn’t teach the Africans how to effectively make a profit from them. The Africans relied on the Europeans for their economy, because before their ethnic and religious groups had been separated, there was no need for an economy. But since the different areas had been reestablished as countries with peoples within its borders that fought, one had to be established. The Africans had no knowledge of how to run an economy, and as a result, there is an economic problem that still exists in Africa today. The biggest economic impact on Africa was also a social impact. Slave trade. It is probably one of the most significant issues to ever be written as history. The slave trade was the biggest exploit of Africa by the Europeans. Seeing that the Americans needed manpower for their large agricultural-based economy, the Europeans saw yet another economic road to riches. The Europeans thought of the Africans as inferior, and seeing that they could get ride of some of the resistance, they began to sell the Africans to plantation owners. This produced money for the Europeans, and separated many African families forever. Looking back on this problem, had the Europeans shown a little bit more concern for the Africans and thought about the consequences of their actions, the social, economic, and political problems that exist today in Africa would be lessened or even non-existant.

Mis-760 Citibank Case Study

MIS 760 – IT Strategy Case Study: Citibank’s E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking Please prepare an analysis of this case. Your write-up should be 4 to 7 pages. Each of the following questions should be addressed individually: 1. What are the impacts of the internet on the competitive landscape of corporate banking? Hint: use Porters 5 forces) The statements below are the impacts of the internet on the competitive landscape of corporate banking: * Intense competition which further increased the rivalry amongst existing competitors * The challenges of serving corporate customers with a variety of needs in terms of size of organization and how progressive and open to change these companies were. Based on the resistance received this could create a threat of substitute products or services. The aggressive changes that were being made by Citibank placed them away head of the competition. This lead in front of their competitors could create new alliances to limit the gap. * The new markets that are potentially Citibank’s creates a challenge to lower cost, improve efficiency while still meeting the needs of the customers. * The substitute products such as local banking and or older systems which may not be as progressive as Citibank in terms of technology. 2.What has Citibank done to differentiate its e-business products from those of its competitors? Citibank was able to differentiate its e-business products from those of its competitors by focusing on customer satisfaction instead of only the bottom-line. Customer satisfaction was focused on the support, technology and response time, making sure the clients felt confidence in the brand. The customer service along with the products are the reasons why Citibank is able to keep its recognition and loyalty throughout the world.Citibank used many technologies to get more clients satisfied such as ATM’s, telephone lines, and the paperless system of payments which is a secure busine ss transaction for the customer. 3. What can Citibank do to create competitive advantages? In order for Citibank to create competitive advantage the following processes can be implemented: * Find a way to lower prices on products while still increasing the bottom line. * Mobile and Web is very important to many individuals so having the ability to initiate transitions via the previously mentioned methods will put them ahead of the competition. . How has Citibank successfully converted its traditional money management business into an e-business? During the process of transforming traditional assets to digital assets, what issues should a company like Citibank take into account to ensure successful implementation? Citibank successfully convert its traditional money management into an e-business system by giving convenience to the customers, (example the technology investments), flexibility, and staying ahead of the competition by investing in infrastructure that would only make the e xperience better for the customer.The transformation was done by becoming more centralized and focusing on the customers and investing in the right technology to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction. For example use of systems to manage the automatic processing of transactions which reduces the time is takes to process and human errors as well. Also the online and real time processing with the direct access to the information for customers and employees, efficient working, cost savings and comfort for customers.During the process of transforming traditional assets to digital assets, the issues Citibank should take into account to ensure a successful implementation are, consistency of data and the learning curve/impact for the customer. Citibank successfully responded to these changes with the different alliances with technological companies such as Oracle, SAP, Commerce One, building a new global infrastructure integrating products in new ways. 5. What actions has Citibank t aken to serve the needs of two very different market segments, MNCs and SMEs?Citibank developed two different strategies for each market segments, some of the strategies for MNCs are secure platforms to access services, local and global which can offer fast and worldwide capabilities. Also provide fraud and identity theft protection, showing the advantages of online real time banking For the SMEs, Citibank offer rewards such as free internet access as the customers slowly progress into a fully online environment. The clients were not aware of the additional benefits of the internet, especially dealing with limited access so the free internet allowed for an easier transition. . How has Citibank’s Cash and Trade Group managed to develop different e-business products for varied industries? With the market changing so rapidly, how does Citibank identify market needs? Citibank has managed to develop different e-business products for diverse industries by utilizing the growing tech nology market and providing the convenience for their customers. The many products and services offered has been a success for each market segment because it meets the needs of each groups.Also the customer’s service lines, relationship managers and products specialists for the varied clients are required to identify the market needs and develop the new services according to the different industry segments. 7. One of Citibank’s challenges is in managing vendors and suppliers without allowing them to exploit its clients. How does Citibank protect its clients from its strategic partners? Citibank managing vendors and suppliers without allowing them to exploit its clients by not sharing their clients information with the vendors and suppliers.This is very important because they are protecting the privacy for the customers. Citibank was able to do so by using the suppliers technology without directly involving them, using the different suppliers applications, providing bes t customer service to their clients without charging extra service fee, and marketing or promotions from the suppliers. The goal is to give convenience to the customers using the Citibank applications providing customers full access to their accounts whenever or wherever without the hassle or headaches. 8. Prepare a SWOT analysis to evaluate Citibank’s e-business strategy.SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS * Combined business units * Acquisitions * CitiDirect * Partnerships: Oracle, SAP, & Commerce One Inc. * Centralized operations with much attention focused on 1,400 large global corporations and institutional investors| WEAKNESSES * Different clients and different needs * Service differentiation. This relates back to the different clients and needs because the service has to cater to the client. * Vendor Citibank was working with and the issues when it came to supplier management| OPPORTUNITIES * Creating a brand which is known for excellence.Being a pioneer of Web and mobile support for their customers. * The global service market has a lot of room for growth. Citibank was one of the few doing business so it is possible to still take advantage and increase profits. They have the ability of first to market in this case. * As Citibank continue to increase their business globally, it would service them best to take an opportunity to work with local business (not within the same market) to offer benefits to their customers. | THREATS * Utilizing the web or mobile brings the concern of security. Threat of new entrance from competitors being able to offer lower prices, better incentives, and the technology to go with it. * Decrease in revenue due to economic times| 9. How does this case demonstrate the alignment of an e-business strategy with a company’s overall business strategy? This case demonstrates the alignment of an e-business strategy with a company’s overall business strategy by emphasizing Citibank's changes from traditional to a more e-busine ss structure still being global, meeting the needs of the customers, and still improving bottom line doing so.Also the ability to offer a variety of products and services was in alignment with Citibank's business strategy because it had to meet the needs of various customers. The e-business strategy allowed them to do so successfully. 10. Beyond the case: Citbank has hit hard times in the last several years. Do you think the strategy described in this case helped in the decline or was this a bright spot? Explain your answer. I think the strategy implemented was a bright spot for Citibank.It helped to gain more clients at different levels on a global perspective. The internet revolutionize the banking industry and changed the customers and clients expectations as it pertains to integrating its products and services in new ways. The hardship Citibank faced in the last several years, I believe had nothing to do with this strategy but more so economic. There were many other factors in t he market which contributed to the hard times. Once those factors are changed then Citibank's strategy will continue to benefit them in the long term.

Substance Abuse Global Phenomena Health And Social Care Essay

Substance maltreatment is a multi-facetted job that plagues a whole society, irrespective of different age classs and societal categories. The effects and the sum of injury caused to the person, the household and society are diverse. Mauritius, while being a little island of about 1.2 million dwellers merely, far off from the taking powers of the planetary economic system, and niched at the bosom of the Indian Ocean has non been spared from this issue. Harmonizing to the National Drug Control Masterplan 2004-2009, the age of induction to substance maltreatment in Mauritius starts from every bit early as 11 old ages because of equal or media influence. The principle of substance maltreatment is nevertheless non this simple. Sometimes, some people give in to the natural homo behavior which is seeking to happen the easiest flight from rough worlds and nuisances of day-to-day life, and resort to substance maltreatment. Substance maltreatment may hold become an dismaying phenomenon of late, but drugs have been present in Mauritius for a far longer clip. The usage of drugs has been recorded to hold started with every bit early as during the Gallic colonization with illicit rum production by slaves. With the reaching of apprenticed laborers, Indians brought along with their civilization and traditions, hemps, while Chinese immigrants brought opium. These drugs were largely utilised in a socio-cultural circumstance, by grownups without being a cause for serious concern. Sixtiess brought with it the Hippie Culture to Mauritanian shores every bit good as new signifiers of drugs such as LSD, Mandrax and other psychedelic drugs which became synonymous to â€Å" new highs † to childs. The 1970ss caused an wholly different tendency of substance maltreatment, as the state of affairs changed drastically from its socio-cultural to a more significantly worrying usage. A fundamental signifier of diacetylmorphine known as â€Å" Brown Sugar † was introduced in Mauritius. Brown Sugar was smuggled through the airdrome, seaport and through postal packages. The â€Å" Amsterdam Affair † that broke out in 1985 was the ether of the range of the drugs job in Mauritius. As an effort to expose its willingness to go forth no rock unturned in the combat against drug trafficking, statute law was amended and decease punishment was introduced for proven sellers. No drug seller have nevertheless been executed because of the thorny legal issues environing capital penalty. A sudden downward tendency was observed in 1987 and continued until 1990 after which indexs revealed a little addition in illicit trafficking and ingestion. In 2003, the â€Å" White Lady † was a psychoactive drug opted by most drug users. Post 2005, Subutex, which is usually used as intervention on those dependent on narcotic hurting slayers, and opiates, shortly became the most sought-after drug in Mauritius. Substance Abuse and Repercussions Social Consequences Significant societal effects include the decomposition of the household unit, with the emotional and psychological wellbeing of household members being disquieted. Substance maltreatment and delinquency go manus in manus ; as sometimes dependence and backdown syndromes overcome ground and push nuts towards larceny, force and similar such Acts of the Apostless to secure the fiscal agencies to obtain their needed dose. The 2009 World Drug Report shows that figure of drug-related offenses has increased by 18 % from 2006 to 2007. Health Consequences Substance maltreatment affects the personal wellness of drugs nuts themselves. Withdrawal and apathy are a few of the psychological disfunctions they might confront. The impact of dependence can be far making. Cardiovascular disease, shot, malignant neoplastic disease, and lung disease can all be caused by drug maltreatment. Because of needle sharing behavior, a well-established norm among IDUs as has been shown by the IDUs Respondent Driven Sampling, which is explained by the increased costs and low fiscal agencies of IDUs every bit good as Police Services uninterrupted still hunt of IDUs in ownership of drug gears, blood borne diseases such as AIDS or Hepatitis are easy transmitted, reverberations of which is ruinous both for the IDU and society at big. IDUs who get affected by such blood borne diseases will frequently through a Domino consequence, affect their sexual spouses, while pregnant adult females who are IDUs run the hazard of polluting their unborn kids with such. Injecting drug usage is the cause for an increasing proportion of HIV infections in many parts of the universe, Mauritius included. It is estimated that between 11 and 21 million people worldwide inject drugs, and of those, between 0.8 and 6.6 million are infected with HIV. Fiscal Impacts Health services that have to be provided to drug nuts include intervention of diseases which may develop in drug nuts as a effect of substance maltreatment, every bit good as costs of rehabilitation services, which is frequently overlooked by most individuals. The cost of non-generic antiretroviral intervention per individual per annum may amount up to $ 1500, averaging to about Rs 50, 000 based on current exchange rates. Fiscal effects on the economic system are sedate, with the parallel running of a black economic system with net incomes obtained from the illicit traffic, every bit good as with the effects of drugs abuse of members of the work force which reduces productiveness. Conventional Approaches to Substance maltreatment Mauritius has ratified the United Nations Drug Control Conventions. It has besides ratified the 2000 Convention on Trans-National Organized Crime and is besides signer of both the African Union and the SADC Drug Control Protocol. Existing legal models that were used, and still are used to command drugs supply and demand decrease are: a ) The Dangerous Drug Act 2000 B ) The Pharmacy Act 1983 degree Celsius ) The Financial Intelligence and Anti Money Laundering Act 2002 Drugs Demand Reduction Drugs demand decrease is one of the attack used to battle the substance maltreatment crisis at its nucleus. Drug demand decrease refers to policies and programmes directed towards cut downing the consumer demand for narcotic drug and psychotropic substances as covered by the three chief International Drug Control Conventions, as mentioned above. The National Agency for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Substance Abusers ( NATReSA ) is a parastatal organic structure under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions which was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1996 and it is responsible for all demand decrease activities in the state. By carry oning a figure of bar activities in the community, schools and the workplace, NATReSA uses instruction as its chief vehicular arm to seek to decrease the demand for drugs. It provides support to a figure of NGOs engaged in bar, intervention and rehabilitation work. The National Prevention Unit set up by the NATReSa in 2002 has set up a Demand Reduction Integrated Program, from which more than 25 parts have already benefitted boulder clay day of the month. Supply Side Reduction As to provide side decrease, the jurisprudence enforcement side is actively involved and a figure of establishments runing under the auspices of different ministries are responsible for drug control activities. The Anti Drug Smuggling Unit ( ADSU ) , the National Coast Guard and the Special Mobile Force are particular units of the Mauritius Police Force, working under the bid of the Commissioner of Police involved in drug control. The Passport and Immigration Office besides operates under the supervising of the Commissioner of Police and has a function in the showing of riders at the haven and airdrome while Custom Investigation and Intelligence Unit plays a notable function in the checking of containers and other baggage come ining the state. The Pharmacy Section of the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life ( MOH & A ; QL ) is responsible for the issue of licences for the import of licit narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Finally, Mauritius Post Services work in close cooperation with the above units to exert near control to vouch that drugs do non come in the state through letters and postal bundles and the Forest Department aids through its field work in woods, mountains and province lands, and is instrumental in observing cannabis cultivation. Harmonizing to the 2010 World Drug Report, Mauritius is the state with the highest opiates ingestion prevalence in the African continent with an estimation of 1.9 % . This demonstrates clearly that conventional attacks to the Mauritanian drug job have non met outlooks in footings of efficiency in undertaking it. Alternatively, new factors borne due to a quickly altering society contributed to the rendering them inefficient – opening up of air spaces which while increasing benefits from the touristry and travel industry has besides increased the hazards of drugs being brought into the state by aliens, enlargement of the offshore sector through which big amounts of money theodolites through Mauritius, beginnings of which remain confidential to the offshore companies and the unfastened secret being that sometimes, portion of these monies go into the black economic system, financing drug minutess and poorness and harlotry which are cardinal conducive factors every bit good to the enlargement of the Mauritanian drug market among others. The escalation of drug usage became a cause for concern as the chief vehicle for substance maltreatment being through injection, this implied a heightened hazard of transmittal of blood borne diseases among the IDU population and hence a greater figure of HIV positive and hepatitis instances amongst others. An wholly new attack was therefore adopted to counter this contingency, known as the injury decrease attack. The injury decrease which consists of needle exchange plans every bit good as dolophine hydrochloride permutation therapy implied a wholly different position, the nucleus rule being acknowledging the being of a substance maltreatment issue in a community, which frequently is pig-headedly resisted by governments, therefore exposing the immense trouble in the execution of this method. Over the old ages, legion observations have been made by journalists and Non-Governmental Organisations ( NGOs ) representatives on the structural alterations of the drug state of affairs in Mauritius, the distressing dimensions of the issue of substance maltreatment and its dealingss with transmittal of blood borne diseases. Harm decrease nevertheless, being a comparatively new construct in Mauritius dating merely back to 2006, remains a instead undiscovered way. Hence, the intent of this thesis would be to convey focal point on Needle Exchange Programs ( NEPs ) as they are carried out in the Mauritanian context. While running through a general overview of the injury decrease attack, the principle behind it will be examined along with execution timeline of NEP in Mauritius. Policy facets will be reviewed and an analysis of the legal background of NEPs in Mauritius will be presented, which will dwell of a survey salient characteristics of the bing Torahs and NEPs and finally the NEP particular model which is the HIV/AIDS Act 06. NEP in prisons, being a delicate and problematic issue, will be considered and the chance of such in Mauritanian prisons discussed. The thesis will be concluded by measuring the Mauritanian NEP, and suggesting recommendations of possible ways to pitch more towards efficiency and best pattern with respects to Mauritian Torahs and needle exchange. Preliminary Chapter: Understanding Harm Decrease The Basic Concept Harm decrease refers to policies, programmes and patterns utilized and applied with the aim of decreasing hazards associated with the usage of drugs by substance maltreaters. Subdivided into needle exchange plans and dolophine hydrochloride permutation therapies, injury decrease is viewed as a far-reaching advanced attack to the job of substance maltreatment and its related hazards. The outstanding characteristic of this fresh method is the extremist displacement in focal point to the bar of injury caused by substance maltreatment, instead than on the bar of drug usage itself. This entails recognizing the being of a substance maltreatment job in society which in bend indicates the inability or sometimes even failure of concerned governments in undertaking the drug job. This attack was frequently discussed in Mauritius after acknowledgment of the menace of HIV every bit good as other blood borne diseases which were distributing through shooting drug usage. Stakeholders including the National AIDS Secretariat agreed that injury decrease does non sabotage but alternatively complements attacks seeking to forestall or diminish drug ingestion. It is based on the acknowledgment that many people throughout the universe continue to utilize drugs despite the best of attempts to forestall drug usage and is of a non-judgmental and non-punitive attitude towards the ingestion of intoxicant and drugs. The Implementation of Harm Reduction In Mauritius Harm decrease is implemented in Mauritius through the vehicular plans of Methadone Substitution Therapy ( MST ) and Needle Exchange Programs ( NEPs ) . MST normally works by cut downing cravings and barricading ‘highs ‘ from diacetylmorphine. It does non supply the same euphoric haste the drug user under MST will no longer see utmost highs and depressions that consequences from the degree of diacetylmorphine in the blood. MST around Mauritius is controlled and supervised by the National Detoxification Centre For MST found at Cite Barkly in Beau Bassin. MST plans carried out may be either residential lasting for 15 yearss merely or day-care. Drug users are induced on dolophine hydrochloride under medical supervising and doses are accordingly adjusted. There are 16 methadone distributing points around the island from which drug users, after holding gone through initial initiation receive their day-to-day doses of dolophine hydrochloride. Needle exchange plans forms portion of the injury decrease scheme and is funded by the State and partly by international administrations such as the Global Fund. Mauritius has pioneered government-run needle exchange plans throughout the African Continent as both NGOs and the Mauritanian Government through MOH & A ; QL both carry out NEPs. The plan offers a comprehensive bundle of services which include exchange of used acerate leafs, HIV guidance and testing, proviso of rubbers and intoxicant swabs and referrals for rehabilitation services ( where requested ) every bit good as other HIV-related services. Rationale Behind Harm Reduction Harm Reduction and Human Rights The injury decrease attack to drugs is based on a strong pledge to public wellness and human rights. Harm decrease intercessions have found support among legion United Nations ( UN ) homo rights mechanisms, specifically in context of HIV bar and the right to achieve the highest accomplishable criterion of wellness. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESCR ) And Harm Reduction. The Committee on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights ( CESCR ) has recommended many times that States Parties scale up their injury decrease programmes in order to run into their duties under Article 12 of the ICESCR. In its Concluding Observations on Ukraine ( 2007 ) , the Committee stated that it was ‘gravely concerned at ‘the limited entree by drug users to substitution therapy, ‘ and recommended that the province party ‘make drug permutation therapy and other HIV bar services more accessible for drug users ‘ . Article 15 of the ICESCR provides for everyone to ‘benefit from scientific realizations and its applications. ‘ Considered against the background of injection driven HIV, this implies the right for any individual to profit from plans backed by solid grounds, therefore harm decrease plans, demoing that they can most expeditiously contain and treat HIV/AIDS and such drug related likely diseases. In 2009, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a declaration on human rights and HIV/AIDS that unambiguously provided support to harm decrease plans, including needle exchange. Research Based Rationale Despite the continued attempts of concerned governments, some of which being holding rather a considerable bearing on the state ‘s budget every bit good, substance maltreatment still remains one major cause for concern in Mauritius, it holding the 2nd highest per capita rate of opiate usage in the universe after Iran. Manners of transmittal of HIV and blood borne infections steadily shifted from heterosexual activities to shooting drug usage as from the twelvemonth 2002 to 2005, with an exponential rise in the figure of detected instances to make a extremum of 921 instances in 2005. 92 % of all new HIV infections in Mauritius by 2005 were shooting drug users. While this alteration was most probably a consequence of increased HIV proving among IDUs in assorted establishments including the prisons, and did non needfully stand for a brusk addition of new HIV infections, the figures were sufficient to measure up the epidemic as a concentrated one and were a clear warning of a latent job among the IDUs population. A speedy and efficient action in response to the quickly intensifying increasing transmittal of HIV was therefore required, accordingly climaxing into kicking off of injury decrease activities in 2006. The consequences obtained from the recent Injecting Drug User HIV Surveillance Survey, in Mauritius is no beginning of comfort: – among the HIV positive detected instances as at December 2009, 73 % consisted of members of the IDU population. HIV prevalence is 47.4 % and Hepatitis C ( HVC ) prevalence is 97.3 % . The usage of non-sterile acerate leafs and shooting drug equipment which is an highly efficient manner of HIV and blood borne diseases transmittal remains a cardinal factor declining the HIV epidemic among IDUs around the Earth and in Mauritius, while 61.2 % of IDUs reported shooting two to three times a twenty-four hours, 29.3 % among them reported shooting with a antecedently used acerate leaf in the past month. Prior to the induction of syringe exchange plans in 2006, needle and syringe sharing in the old three months was reported by 80 % of IDUs. However, in the last three months of the twelvemonth 2009, 30 % merely of IDUs reported sharing a needle or syringe at last injection and less than half reported occasional sharing of injection equipment or pulling up drug solution from a common container shared by many, research-based groundss stressing wholly along on the demand for continuance of harm decrease activities in Mauritius.

Operations, Logistic and Supply Chain Management Essay

Operations, Logistic and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example With the invention of the electric sewing machine, the ability to mass produce garments gave businesses much more flexibility in design that ultimately complicated measuring productivity as it included many new variables both human capital-related and manufacturing modifications needed to serve complex social markets. By 1900, productivity in industries had been improved by 500 percent with the ability to rely on electricity to power sewing machines (Schmeichen, 1984). Productivity was now being measured by much more complex statistical and process systems, taking into account not only units of labor and output, but apparel variations, customer demand in key target regions of the country, facilities management, quality control systems, and recognition of costs for unique production systems to meet new design demand. The ability to provide innovation in apparel and textiles altered the demand of customers throughout the nation and internationally during a period where global trade was on the increase, demanding new measures of productivity to ensure profit growth and efficiency on various garment and textiles production systems. Whereas in previous years using non-electric sewing machines, productivity was a measure of the human capability and capacity to generate output, new systems allowing for elements of automation were added to productivity calculations that required more management intervention in assessing productivity and the development of training on automated and fast-output textile and apparel production systems. Essentially, the introduction of the electric sewing machine in 1889 completely altered the role of management in establishing quality standards, measuring productive outputs, assessing recruitment needs for more skilled labor to improve productivity, and establishing controls in multi-system production efforts. The Transformation in Restaurants One of the most common themes in restaurants today is the establishment of Total Quality Manageme nt, since brand sentiment and service delivery related to customer satisfaction are critical to sustaining competitive advantage and building consumer loyalty. The â€Å"diversity of customer preferences† as it relates to pricing, quality menu outputs, and service delivery dictate how the business differentiates its brand from other competing restaurants (Thompson, 2008, p.148). Transformation in this industry, as driven by consumer influence, occurs continuously as the business attempts to establish a culture that is driven toward producing quality food and service outputs that fluctuates with changing diner lifestyles and needs in consumption. In the restaurant, there are inter-dependencies between the cooking staff, management and service staff that must have an operational system of best practice established to ensure total quality outputs. In such a highly competitive industry, the business must consider how to position itself among competition with a heavy reliance on m arketing, promotion and customer satisfaction establishment. Such satisfaction requires that price is in-line with quality, that service is performed according to branding expectations and pricing, and that procurement of items meet with anticipated food costs and pricing structures established. Transformation occurs with new menu

The Relevance of Attachment Theory and Mother-Infant Bonding to the Essay

The Relevance of Attachment Theory and Mother-Infant Bonding to the Practice of Music Therapy - Essay Example The Attachment Theory The attachment theory was postulated by a British psychiatrist named John Bowlby and it was further elaborated on by his colleague who an American developmental psychologist is named Mary Ainsworth (Sigelman & Rider, 2009, p. 406). â€Å"The theory was grounded primarily on ethological theory and therefore asked how attachment might have evolved† (Sigelman & Rider, 2009). This theory also derived some of its concepts from psychoanalytic theory as stressed by Sigelman and Rider (2009). â€Å"According to Bowlby , an attachment is a strong affection tie that binds a person to an intimate companion; moreover, it is also a behavioural system through which humans regulate their emotional distress when under threat and achieve a sense of security by seeking proximity to another person† (Sigelman & Rider, 2009, p. 407). In addition, Bowlby argued that just as infants are programmed to respond to their caregivers, adults are biologically programmed to resp ond to an infant's signals; accordingly, it is rather daunting for an adult to ignore a baby's cry or fail to warm to a baby's grin (Sigelman & Rider, 2009). ... motional adversity in childhood; in both cases Bowlby supposed that the children went on to develop a range of behavioural, emotional and mental health problems (Oldfield et al., 2008). Central to the thinking of attachment theory is that a child has to believe that an attachment figure is present both psychologically as well as physically; Bowlby discovered that an attachment figure who was physically present and yet emotionally absent could arose similar feelings of anxiety and distress as an attachment figure who physically absent (Oldfield et al., 2008). Significantly, for children to thrive they need a close, continuous care-giving relationship: an attachment figure who is available and responsive to their needs as stressed by Oldfield et al. (2008). In relation to the attachment theory, music therapy, for example, has been a known measure in helping adopted children to deal with their tragic experiences in the past that may have been liable for their present behaviour. â€Å"M usic therapy, being an important non-verbal medium, allows children to go back to the early moments in their life and to process their daunting experiences† (Oldfield et al., 2008). In addition, the non-verbal nature of music therapy enables adoptive parents to respond to their adopted child in a new way, persuading the child to value their new family; working in this way enables a child to become more securely attached as they develop trust and security in their adoptive parents (Oldfield et al., 2008). In lieu of this process, the music therapist functions as the facilitator in building healthy relationships within the family (Oldfield et al., 2008). The Strange Situation Mary Ainsworth is a significant figure in the attachment theory of Bowlby for the reason that she studied attachment

Articles Review Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Articles Review - Lab Report Example First is conductive, characterized by â€Å"disease or obstruction in the outer or middle ear.† Conductive hearing loss is not the most serious form of impairment, and persons with this type of hearing loss are said to do well with hearing aids, or other assisted listening devices. Sensorineural hearing loss is described next as â€Å"damage to the delicate sensorineural hair cells of the inner ear or the nerves which supply it.† Persons with sensorineural loss may have only a slight hearing loss, or they might be almost completely deaf, depending on the amount of damage. Depending on the severity of the loss, hearing aids or other assisted listening devices may not be effective. The third kind of hearing loss, mixed, is a combination of conductive and sensorineural; therefore, whether amplified listening devices are effective, will depend on the individual. Finally, central hearing loss is described as â€Å"damage or impairment of the nerves† or other part of t he central nervous system. The article goes on to discuss the fact that hearing impairments and learning disabilities do not necessarily come together, and ends with a very brief description of helpful assisted listening devices (Deafness, 2004). â€Å"You Are Not Alone† is an article that describes the negative feelings parents might experience upon finding out a child has a disability. It describes the process of denial, anger, grief, fear, guilt, confusion, powerlessness, disappointment, and rejection that many parents face. It also offers advice. It encourages parents to seek out other parents who have been through a similar situation because they might be able to offer, â€Å"hope for the future† (Smith, 2003). It also advises talking to a significant other, family member, or other adult who will listen to concerns; relying on positive resources to alleviate some of the feelings of helplessness; taking one day

The market trends in the UK clothing industry Coursework

The market trends in the UK clothing industry - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that clothing in the UK market is dominant by the large retail stores that provide major sales to this industry. There is generally one influencer in the market that owns the market share in the UK clothing industry, for example, Philip Green owns 12 percent of the UK clothing market. Since the dominance in the clothing market is by the major retail stores hence the prices of quality clothing has increased in the UK which has provided an opportunity to bring in to the market the clothing that is of high quality but at affordable prices. This need for affordability of prices and quality clothing has increased the demand for such products in the UK market. Also because the major retail stores tend to cater to the market for personalized service that too is becoming marginalized. The market trends in the UK clothe industry show a growing trend. As reported that the market for clothes has increased by 10% between years 2004 and 2008. It is also expected that the market will continue to grow in another three years. By the year 2014, it is estimated that the clothing industry would be worth nearly  £8.6 billion experiencing an increase of 29% from the worth of today estimated at being  £6.7 billion. The consumers want quality and value products and thus it’s this trend that is contributing to the growth of the industry. During the time of recession, the market saw a growth of 10% per annum however it is expected that this sector will experience a 21% of growth in the next three years.

Writing a comprehensive research report on the use of new technology Paper

Writing a comprehensive report on the use of new technology as a part of a company's service efforts - Research Paper Example Search affects the activities of individuals and all sorts of organizations. The contribution of new technology to the economic growth can have a realization when and if the technology is put to use and diffused. Diffusion itself results from a series of individual decisions to begin using the new technology, decisions that are often the result of a comparison of the uncertain benefits of the new invention with the costs of adopting it. The benefits of from adopting new technologies, for example, wireless communications are received throughout the life of the acquired innovator. The use of new technologies enhances operations and exploits new market opportunities (Manyika, 2013). When adopted at scale across an emerging type of networked enterprise and integrated into the work processes of employees, social media, and other new technologies can boost a company’s financial performance and market share. Using technology to maximize company’s business productivity creates a platform to realize real business. The business software puts organization s in an assurance of having the tools to overcome challenges of execution on strategizing every day and prosper in today’s economic times. Companies are on the increase in focusing on managing customer relationships, the customer asset, or customer equity. The rapid growth of social media, from blogs to Twitter and Facebook, to YouTube and LinkedIn, offers organizations and companies the chance to join a conversation with millions of customers around the globe every day. The groups use social media as one way of the promotional channel. They use consumer conversations and turn the information into consumer insights that impact the bottom line (Hunt, 2013). The internet based social media emergence has started a new kind of conversation among consumers and companies. It challenges the traditional ideas on brand management and marketing while in the meantime creates alternative opportunities

Describe the cycle view of supply chain processes and explain why Essay

Describe the cycle view of supply chain processes and explain why organizations need to integrate their processes - Essay Example Supply chain activities make up processes, which may be described as cycles because it involves constant flow of information, goods, services, and funds between different stages. The processes in a supply chain involve service providers and manufactures, who produce goods and services for customers. The customers transfer funds to the manufacturers, who then convey point of sales data as well as replenishment orders via trucks back to the stores (Sinha, 2009). The manufacturer transfers funds to the distributor after the products are replenished. The distributors provide pricing information and offer delivery schedules to the manufacturers. All these processes show that the supply chain activities are cycles that are interlinked and work hand in hand. The supply chain stages consist of various players who include; customers, retailers, distributors, manufacturers and the components, which are the raw materials suppliers. Each stage sometime may not be represented in the supply chain because the chain would depend on the customer’s needs and the roles of the stages involved (Sinha 2009). Schniederjans and LeGrand (2012) stated that the customer order cycle occurs at the customer and retailer level and this is where all processes are directly involved in receiving and filling the customer’s order. The customer starts the cycle at the retailers’ shop by ordering what goods they need and the retailer works on fulfilling the customer’s demand. This interaction between the retailer and customer ends when the customer receives the order. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer and distributor level and includes all the processes involved in replenishing the retailer’s inventory/ stock. The retailer is the customer in this case, and places an order to replenish inventories to meet his and her customers’ needs or to make sure he or she has enough stock of the good quality of products available in the market (Fredendall,

Environment, More Than Genetics, Shapes Immune System Coursework

Environment, More Than Genetics, Shapes Immune System - Coursework Example It was apparent that some people react strongly to vaccines than others, which causes the production of extra antibodies (Conover, n.p). This explains the variations experienced in the genetic setup of individuals, including identical twins. The article provided additional insights into this week’s reading because it explained the circumstances that influence variability in responses to vaccines. This is because it contains experimental findings that were attained by professional immunologists. The research presented in this article demonstrates a significant advancement in the field because it highlights the various aspects that cause bodies to react separately to antibody production. This is a further advancement in the field to expose more elements that influence reactions to vaccines. The one concern that came to mind after reading the article is how identical twins can record different variations, yet their genetic structure is similar. It does not differentiate from the fraternal twins who can possess varying genetic compositions.

Literature as Knowledge for Living Essay Example for Free

Literature as Knowledge for Living Essay According to Vera M. Kutzinski in his introduction, Ottmar Ette was sent to the east of Germany after the reunification of Germany to strengthen academic institutions. There, universities were going to receive the so-called â€Å"Initiative for Excellence†, which would make German universities more competitive. But, when it came to application, a little percentage of humanities institutions were selected, because the focus was actually on science and technology. This fact was what fueled Ette to take a turn on his work and started to work on not trying to convince why literary studies were better or worth more attention or research, but to make skeptical see why society cannot do without literary studies. Ette’s official work on this matter is titled Lendemains, where he focuses on literary studies as something that society needs to survive and the relations established between human beings in literary terms. Below is presented a short review on his evaluation on this matter. Ette argues that literature and language do not seem to deal with language about life any longer. Instead, scientific and technological academic fields have taken over. So what has to be done for the humanities to deal with life again would be, according to him, reorientating the idea of life, which should be based on making society see how the humanities can improve how human beings live with one another, and this should be done together with the biosciences, creating an easily understandable language which allowed scientific and literary discourses to work together as equals. Ette also discusses how biotechnology and natural-scientific fields of study have become the â€Å"sciences of life† because it has been socially accepted, since their subjects of study have to do with life. And also how literary scholars do not pay attention to the humanities losing ground on this respect. So, according to the author, the concept of life should be changed from a bio-chemical, biophysical, and biotechnological and medical, to a cultural-literature-oriented one, as other scholars also maintained before (Leo Spitzer and his ideal of literature being the science that seeks to comprehend the human being to the extent to which he expresses himself in words and linguistic creations). Then, the author introduces the concept knowledge for living as the kind of knowledge inherent to literature, this is, literature having knowledge about or of life. But then, it comes the following question: how to acquire this knowledge for living? This could be answered (according also to Wolfgang Iser’s work) by the act of reading, this is: reading fictional literary pieces and having experiences through it that make the reader gain a kind of knowledge that he/she would not experience in their own life otherwise. This introduces the concepts of intratextuallity (the knowledge of living that characters of novels possess) and extratextuallity (the ways of acquiring certain cultural and sociohistorical knowledge for living), both of which influence the reader culturally, in their behavior, their life, etc. depending on what they read. These two dimensions of the knowledge for living constitute, at the same time, the knowledge for living together, which is acquired by the readers through literature as the conditions for people to live together which have been shaped all throughout history. In these terms, the author mentions Roland Basthers’ work Comment vivre ensemble, and how literary analysis could connect literature and life. This is, for example, how to live (in the novel), how certain people have lived (in biography), etc. In addition, these knowledges should take into account different contexts and cultures, gender and social differences, in order to be universal and valid. The conclusion of the author is that the humanities first need to realize the potential that they possess concerning knowledge for living which, in conjunction with the natural and social sciences, would give new perspectives for the exploration of art and literature as knowledge for living.

Rare Aging Disease Essay Example for Free

Rare Aging Disease Essay A 12 year old girl named Ontlametse Phalatse lives in Hebron, a small town just north of Johannesburg, South Africa. When she gets home from school, she does homework, watches tv, does her daily chores, and sometimes helps her mother cook. Ontlametse has bright plans for the future, to become a psychologist. This seemingly ordinary child is also known as the only living black person with the disease known as Progeria. This rare disease is a genetic condition that’s speeds up the aging process. There were only two other black children that were diagnosed with the condition, but they died. Ontlametse and a white child are the only Africans diagnosed and they both live in South Africa. They may live there because South Africa has some of the best medical care on the continent. Most children with Progeria die between the ages of 8 and 21, usually suffering from heart failure, strokes, and high blood pressure. By the age of three months Ontlametse suffered constant rashes, and before she was one year old her hair was falling out. Ontlametse At the age of six she was enrolled in school, where teachers and classmates scorned her because they thought she had AIDS. Ontlametse was not diagnosed until she was 10, when a doctor friend hinted on the condition to her mother. Even though she has this condition Ontlametse is a bright and strong little girl. She says â€Å"I don’t care what people say about me† referring to the mean classmates, but she says that she has two friends in her class. At school Ontlametse is self conscious about her bald head and always wears a hat, that’s why one of the things on her wish list is a specially designed wig to wear when she’s not at home. Ontlametse calls herself the first lady because she is the only black child with this condition. Ontlametse says she wants to be a psychologist when she grows up so that she can help others accept themselves for the way that they are, just like she does. This dream of the future would require a miracle knowing that she may only have a couple more years to live. Every school holiday, Ontlametse flies to the Progeria Research Foundation at Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Here she participates in research were she has access to cutting edge drugs. I think that this article is really shocking, interesting and sad. This little girl is the only black person with Progeria on the whole planet. I have seen a show about this condition on tv, there was a three day convention that brought together all of the children with this condition. It was really shocking to see these young children looking like old people and having all of the health related issues that old people have, they are so small and fragile. Even though Ontlametse has all these problems she still attends school, does chores, has dreams, and is so strong, which is very inspiring. She does not let this condition bring her down, she knows that it’s a part of her and she wants to be a model for others to accept themselves as they are. This article is also saddens me because in reality this little girl, so full of life and personality, may only have a few more years left to live.

Calorimeter Process

Calorimeter Process 1. Introduction The report as a study for nozzle operated under pressure difference from 0.1 to 10 bars. Under this specification the report discuss the next point. The factor affecting on the nozzle efficiency Application in natural gas Effect of nozzle efficiency on the quality of combustion and how the quality of combustion could be enhanced 1.1. Definition The nozzle defined as: device setting in the flow path to achieve change in pressure, temperature and the velocity also it can defined as an mechanical device designed to achieve controlling process on the direction or characteristic of the fuel flow as it exits or entry it can take the shape of an closed chamber or pipe via an orifice . Reference: http//www.Engineeringtoolbox.com 1- Pressure We con notice that when the fluids flow through the nozzle as the pressure increased the discharge rate also increased and all other factor remains constant. The relationship between the pressure and discharge from a nozzle exit is A fundamental equation. The theoretical discharge from any nozzle Given by the next relation. Flow rate = CA (2gh) 5 C Means the dimensionless coefficient for the particular nozzle in question. A Means the area of the nozzle orifice. h- Means the pressure head applied to the nozzle. G Means the acceleration of gravity. As the pressure acts in the nozzle exit it directly affect to the stream of fuel .let us compare in the below figure between the gas stream with different pressure. 1- Differential pressure flow meters In case of the differential pressure drop this device used to calculate the flow by measuring the pressure drop over an obstruction inserted in the flow. The main idea of the differential pressure flow meter is based on the Bernoulli equation. These achieved by measuring pressure drop signal as function of square flow speed. p1 + 1/2 ? v12 = p2 + 1/2 ? v22 The most common types of differential pressure flow meters are a- Orifice plate With the using of the orifice plate, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in pressure from the upstream side to the downstream side. As showing in figure 1 : this process used in case when dont needs for high accuracy. b- Venturi tube Its best used in our case because this apparatus used in case of low pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of nozzle. In the venturi tube application the flow rate is measured by reducing the cross section flow area in the path of the fluid flow After the constricted area, the fluid passes through the pressure recovery section. When up to 80 % of the differential pressure generated at the constricted area, is recovered with proper instrument and flow calibrating. The venture tube flow can be less to about ten percentage of its full scale range with proper accuracy. c- Flow nozzle The flow nozzle are often used as measuring elements for gas flow application When the gas accelerated through the nozzle, the velocity increase and the pressure so the gas density decreased and the maximum velocity done in the throat section. Recovery of pressure drop in orifices , nozzles and venture meters After the pressure difference has been generated in the differential flow meter. The fluid passing during the pressure recovery section. By means where the differential pressure generated at the constricted area is partly recovered 2- Variable area flow meter The rotameter composed of an vertically glass tube with large end in the top section of the main body of the rotameter and metering float which it free move . when the fluid flow causes the float raise in the tube and apply the relation of Ά P = h * g * P Where Ά P =pressure difference between inlet and outlet H = float recording P = fluid density 3- Velocity flowmeters In this process the flow calculated by measuring the speed and calculate the pressure difference from the next relation p1 p2 = 1/2 p (v22- p v12 ) 4- Pitot tubes The pitot tube are one the most used in air flow measurement. The main idea for its operation is in measure the fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy to potential energy. 5- Calorimetric flowmeter This device principle for fluid flow measurement is based on two temperature sensors in close contact with the fluid but thermal insulated from each other . one of the two sensors is contactly heated so there are temperature difference between the measurement of the two sensors . 5-turbine flowmeter 6-vortex flowmeter 7-electromagnetic flowmeter 8-ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter 9-positive displacement flowmeter 10-mass flowmeters 11-thermal flowmeter 12-open channel flowmeter Calorimetric operation theory The main idea for the operation theory of the calorimetric flowmeter based on measurements for the temperature before and after the nozzle by using two sensor and converting this difference to signal translated by the usage of the gauge indicators . When the fluid flow start passing into the nozzle the heat energy is drawn from the heated sensor and the temperature difference is directly proportional to the fluid flow rate through the nozzle Advantages and disadvantages of calorimetric flowmeter Advantages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disadvantages 1-high accuracy at minimum flow rate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1-costs 2- In general lower thermal conductivity require higher velocity for proper measurement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2-appear cavitations in high speed 3-easy in its operation process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3-normally operates at low range 4-High repeatability  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4-low noisy factor 5- high dynamic response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6-high sensitivity 7-small dimension ( portable ) Lab application Calorimetric provides two types of data. The first type is measurement of the heat capacities. This leads to values of the standard entropy St , the enthalpy ( or heat content ) HT- HS . And the enthalpies and the entropies of rapid phase changes (fusion, vaporization, polymorphism) of a single material. the second type of measurement of heats of chemical reaction ( formation from the elements or the oxides , relatively stability of competing phase assemblages , mixing in solid and liquids solutions ) either by direct reaction or through a thermchemical cycle such as is involved. Second application for the nozzle in the calorimeter is to spray the natural gas to burn it inside the combustion chamber. The next figure show example for burner nozzle. 1-Fuel properties and the effects of sprays Our fuel used in the calorimeter is the natural gas which takes the name of isooctane (C2H6) and it has the next microstructure Temperature The temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle also affecting on the nozzle performance this achieved by when the temperature increased this directly effecting on the fuel properties specially in its viscosity so in the petroleum applications for the high viscosity sometimes used heating process for the fuel before path through the nozzle . Surface Tension The Surface tension in natural is the tendency of the surface of the liquid to contracting with the smallest possible area. The effect is normally similar to the skin surrounding the body of the liquid and pulling it into the shape, which will have the least amount of the surface area. That shape is spherical shape. Surface tension Natural of flow The natural of fluid flow through the nozzle effect on its performance .for example in case of laminar flow the performance of the nozzle will be better than in case of turbulent flow. In case of found a head it also affect in the nozzle performance. Cleaning Nozzles In case of using fluids containing sluts and other dusts it concentrated in the main body of the nozzle which affect on the nozzle path that reduce the flow rate through the nozzle which affect on its performance . Spray Patterns The Nozzles used for oil burners are provided in two different general types of spray patterns, hollow cone and solid cone. These are illustrated in the below Figure. It will be noted in these illustrations that the hollow cone is a spray in which the concentration of droplets is at the outer edge of the spray with little or no fuel in the center of the spray versus the other type of sprays which leads to an weakness in the performance of the nozzle. Performance improvement The efficiency of the nozzle depending on several factors it concentrated on Type of sprayer and nozzle of design The percentage of air to fuel ratio Spark method from heaters to use the spark ignition technology. Percentage of carbon on the fuel So in the next section we discuss these factors which it can affect on the nozzle performance 1- Flammability ( burning start) The classical method for lighting the calorimeter is matching it is not efficient so that we improve the nozzle performance from this side by using the spark ignition technology. This spark ignition working depending on providing it with fixed voltage from battery to be able get the initial spark to start the burning process * The spark ignition which get the initial spark to the instrument get its power connected by wire (3mm ) which connected also to battery with 12 v . 2- Fuel to air ratio In the theory of the stoichiometric mixture has just enough air to completely burn burn the available fuel. In natural this is never quite achieved, due primarily to the very short time available in the internal combustion chamber for each combustion cycle. Most of this combustion process completes in approximately 4-5 milliseconds. This is the time that elapses from when the spark is fired until the burning process completed. The Air fuel ratio is the most common reference term used for mixtures in internal combustion engines It is the ratio between the mass of air and the mass of fuel in the fuel-air mix at any given moment For pure natural gas the stoichiometric mixture is approximately 14.7:1 or ? of 1.00 exactly 3-to make a window from the top to see the flame from inside instead of opening the system each time. We must use material Cleary to see out from it and work under pressure 10 bar {rm C_2H_6} + tfrac{7}{2}{rm O_2} rightarrow 2{rm CO_2} + 3{rm H_2O} Equivalent ratio The equivalence ratio of a system is defined as the ratio of the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio to the stoichiometric fuel-to-oxidizer ratio. Mathematically phi = frac{mbox{fuel-to-oxidizer ratio}}{(mbox{fuel-to-oxidizer ratio})_{st}} = frac{m_{fuel}/m_{ox}}{(m_{fuel}/m_{ox})_{st}} = frac{n_{fuel}/n_{ox}}{(n_{fuel}/n_{ox})_{st}} 4-carbon percentage in the fuel Natural gas is an extremely important source of energy for reducing pollution and maintaining a clean and healthy environment. In addition to being a domestically abundant and secure source of energy, the use of natural gas also offers a number of environmental benefits over other sources of energy, particularly other fossil fuels. This section will discuss the environmental effects of natural gas, in terms of emissions as well as the environmental impact of the natural gas industry itself. Scroll down, or click on the links below to be transported ahead. Conclusion The report is an investigation to describe the calorimeter process and the system operation with the nozzle performance and the method to improve its performance. So the main objectives from the report are To understand the basic principle of calorimeter and its necessity in engineering to investigate different types of calorimeters. The advantages and disadvantages using these calorimeters in the engineering lab environment. References 1- http://www.pro-techsolutionsltd.com/PDF/flownozzle.pdf 2- www.EngineeringToolBox.com 3- www.flowmeterdirectory.co.uk/flowmeter_calorimetric.html 4- www.webersensorsinc.com/glossary.html 5- S. Sosin, C. Moldovan, R. Iosub; Designing and manufacturing of a calorimetric micro-sensor for methane detection, CAS International Semiconductor Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 381 384. 6- www.bioline.org.br/pdf?se08021 7-R. Mohan Kumar, R. Muraliddharan, D. Rajan Babu, K. V. Rajendiran, R. Jayavel, D. Jayaraman, and P.Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth 229, 568 (2001). 8-K. Meera, R. Muralidharan, R. Jeyavel, and P. Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth 263, 510 (2004).

Miss Julie and Its Preface: The Foundation of a Critical Conflict Essay

  Ã‚     From its first publication and performance, August Strindberg's play "Miss Julie" has been the source of critical controversy and debate. Written in the span of little more than one month in the summer of 1888, the play was banned or censored throughout Europe in the late Nineteenth Century. Because it dealt with situations and attitudes deemed morally or socially offensive (the daughter of an aristocrat seduces her father's valet, and he, in turn, coerces her to commit suicide) the initial negative reaction to the play was rooted in generalized, fanatical, self righteous outrage and did not seek to deal with or engage the text in any specific manner. Instead, "Miss Julie" was a convenient target, symptomatic of all that was corrupting and dangerous in an increasingly progressive world. By the early Twentieth Century, however, more focused moral and artistic critiques were leveled at Strindberg's self proclaimed naturalistic tragedy, a discussion that continues to thrive even today. Though some of the moral and social issues may have lost their radical edge in later decades, there is still an ongoing, lively, and deeply divided debate.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is not to suggest that these modern critical concerns have forged superior or even different links with the past or to this piece of literature. On the contrary, I would submit that Strindberg himself, as a literary critic of his own work, established (consciously or unconsciously) the fundamental guidelines and ground rules for the interpretive controversies that have followed.   By creating a dynamic tension between his theoretical, essentially pragmatic intentions in his "Preface to Miss Julie" and his creative achievements in " Miss Julie" itself, Strindberg's e... ...wledge our inquiry provides centers around the critical orientation of each voice sounded in the debate.    Works Cited Henderson Archibald. European Dramatists. Cincinnati: Stewart and Kidd Co., 1913. Heller, Otto. Prophets of Dissent. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1918. Sprinchorn, Evert. Strindberg as Dramatist. New Haven: Yale UP, 1982. Strindberg, August. "Preface to Miss Julie". Michael Meyer trans., 1888. Rpt. in Strindberg Plays: One. Michael Meyer trans. Reading, UK: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 1993. ---. "Miss Julie". Michael Meyer trans., 1888. Rpt. in Strindberg Plays: One. Michael Meyer trans. Reading, UK: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 1993. Tornqvist, Egil and Jacobs, Barry. Strindberg's Miss Julie: A Play and Its Transpositions. Norwich: Norvik, 1988. Williams, Raymond. Drama: From Ibsen to Brecht. New York: Oxford UP, 1968.

The Determined Victor Jimmy Connors :: Essays Papers

The Determined Victor Jimmy Connors The Determined Victor What is a hero? A hero is someone who has achieved many goals in their life; someone admired for his impressive exploits; or someone who shows tremendous courage. A hero controls a great deal of power of authority, or strong influence over others. When people envision a hero, they usually think of a champion, a paragon, a conqueror, or a celebrity. Jimmy Connors represented all these qualities. He displayed power when he was on the tennis court, and he asserted his force off the court. Mr. Connors is a dominant, influential powerhouse. A champion was born unknowingly on September 2, 1952. A child was born to rise above his comrades. He was born James Scott Connors after his father. From the time he was barely three years old, no one could tell that little Jimmy was going to be a champion. Destined for glory his mother and grandmother knew that for Jimmy to be great he would have to work extremely hard. So everyday until Jimmy was a teenager his mother and grandmother would drill him with tennis balls, seeing early that he had tremendous talent. Small for his age, Jimmy had to make up for it somehow. So while other children his age played with toys or watched T.V., Jimmy would be out on the tennis court working on his game. Jimmy wanted to be the best. He knew that his success depended on his speed and his technique. Jimmy worked like a demon to make up for the difference. By age 8, Jimmy was skillful enough to enter into tournaments, and he made a good showing in them. Jimmy did not win his first tournament until he was in the ten-year-old competition. The losses only gave him determination and the wins only gave humbleness. Jimmy Connors, a paragon of all sorts, had an unconquerable spirit. Jimmy knew that he had to be himself out on the tennis courts if he wanted to succeed. At times in Jimmy’s career, he was known as a spoiled brat for his cocky attitude. He was often called â€Å"mouth†. He had this spirit ever since he was a young boy. Being the smaller kid of his age group, he had to have something to hold onto.

Toatlitarian Gov. :: essays research papers

Totalitarian Governments use the people in a total movement to achieve a goal. When this goal is finally met, the government finds a new goal to strive for to keep the population in check. This type of government sprang up during the 1930’s in Europe and Asia. Totalitarianism came into being for many reasons: class struggle, nationalism, and a need for a better way of life. However the biggest reason that totalitarian government came into play was because of the Great Depression. Three nations in particular were able to model this take over by using the lower classes as a boost to achieve power. The Russian nation was in a state of distress. The country was being ruined by drought, fire, and the lack of industry. Russia was falling way behind the rest of the world, and with the death of Lenin they were looking for a new leader. The single party system made it easy for a totalitarian style leader to take hold of the reigns of power. Trotsky and Stalin were the two candidates for the take over Russia’s government. They both used socialism to try to move into power, but Stalin used socialism on the home front to his advantage. Where Trotsky wanted to use the rest of the world for socialism, making the people think that they needed a crutch. This idea did not go over well and Stalin won increasing support. He used this support to banish and kill Trotsky and his opposition. After Trotsky was out of the way, Stalin killed his supporters and furthered his totalitarian role. With the introduction of his â€Å"Five Year Plan†, to increase industry by two hundred and fifty percent and agriculture by one hundred and fifty percent, he solidified his position and the birth of a totalitarian government through the goal of industry. Earlier, in the nation of Italy, totalitarianism had been introduced before the grounds had been laid in Russia. There was a great hate that was rising between the upper and lower classes. The socialist movement was in full effect, and factory workers and peasant were taking over factories. And with the pope lifting the ban on Catholics, there were an increasing number of different opposing factions in government making an already unstable government worse. Mussolini, a nationalist and fascist, steps in asking for a greater sense of nationalism. He helps this idea with promises of better benefits for the working class and land reform for the peasants.

Effects of overpopulation Essay

Even thought the world is witnessing a sustainable improvement in all fields such as science and technology, it is still facing several problems that keep blocking it from improvement. One such problem is overpopulation that affects our life in many ways. Overpopulation generates three major effects: economy decline, environment downfall, and educational system decline. The first major effect of overpopulation is economy decline. When a country is overpopulated, it barely can support and provide people with necessary food to survive, so it will have no surplus to export. Not only this, but the worst thing is when a country is not able to feed its own people, then the only solution is to take debts from other countries. This puts the country in a critical situation from the economic perspective. Moreover, when the country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because the government cannot afford job opportunities for the whole population, and also there will be no for eign investment because wherever there is overpopulation, there is an economic decline. One way or another, this situation will lead to crimes and other kind of problems. Environment downfall is the second main effect of overpopulation. First, when there is overpopulation, people need more space where to live, and that means less of green space, less of forests, and less of farmlands. things that are necessary for surviving. Second, how says overpopulation says pollution with all its different types; as a result, the air, the water, and all the earth’s resources start being torn down. Finally, a high rate of population implies an abusive usage of natural resources; consequently, within a short period of time, we will end up being in a world empty of natural resources, especially the non-renewable ones. The third and the last main effect of overpopulation is educational system decline. The higher the population of a country, the more teachers are needed in schools, and this leads directly to overcrowded schools since the government cannot afford the cost of paying additional teachers, and building new schools with larger capacity. This will affect in a very negative way student’s way of learning and attitude; for instance, when they see that the conditions are discouraging and not motivating for studying, either they drop out of school or they get involved in some morale deviation like drug  usage. Above are the three main effects of overpopulation and their characteristics. It is an issue that concerns everybody, so people should start to think about it seriously and take the necessary measures to reduce or at least stop this phenomenon that is making our life harder from increasing.

Aronson,Marc. Witch-hunt: Mysteries of the Salem Witch Trials. NewYork: Simon And Schuster, 2003

In reviewing the book Witch-hunt: Mysteries of the Salem Witch Trials, I found many new and interesting facts about the Salem witch trials. The book gives a detailed account of the accusers, the accused, the judges, and other key players involved in the hysteria that consumed Salem in 1692. Aronson starts out his book not with 1692, but instead with 1688, a year when the four Goodwin children seemed to be possessed by someone or something that was not of this world. The whole of this story is told by Cotton Mather, a well-respected minister of his day. He and his father, Increase Mather would play an important part in the hysteria was to come. He was the one who established the test for accused witches—that is, the ability to recite the Lord’s Prayer perfectly. Ironically, it would be his voice that would stop the hysteria in late 1692. He then compares the hysteria of 1692 to the post-September 11, 2001 hysteria regarding religious fundamentalists. At times, Aronson is a bit preachy, but the narrative moves along, telling vividly of the trials of the accused, and how many recanted their confessions, and even the histrionics of the alleged victims. The story begins with a group of girls practicing some old divination with a West Indian Slave, Tituba. When the experiment goes horribly wrong, the girls begin having spells of illness, and began going into fits. The girls quickly accuse Tituba of bewitching them, and Tituba does not disappoint, confessing to the crime of witchcraft, naming names, if only to save herself. The accusations fly quickly from there, as does the narrative. Aronson moves quickly, telling of the trials and hangings with vivid clarity. One almost feels as though they are in the courtroom, feeling the accusers’ pains, and hearing the plaintiff’s cries of innocence. Aronson also takes us to the jail cells, telling us of witches that recanted to the stenographers charged with taking their confessions. Aronson then talks of the height of the hysteria, when people were being accused at an alarming rate. He does, however, neglect to mention that a total of 20 people were executed, and many more were imprisoned. Aronson ends the Witchcraft trials with a voice of reason. It is the same voice that ended the hysteria 300 years ago. The reason is voiced by people like Cotton Mather, Increase Mather, Thomas Brattle and other esteemed men of the society. He also ties the whole thing together by placing the events in their historical context and giving reasons for the hysteria and for the end of the reign of terror. Overall, he does an excellent job of taking the available resources and turning it into a gripping tale that would take anyone on a wild ride. I personally read this book in two days, I could not put it down. The contemporary comparisons Aronson makes brings the book to relevance to today’s young person while bringing this fascinating historical period to a satisfying, if unsettling conclusion. Overall, I would recommend this book to anyone who wants a better understanding of the Salem Witch Trials and their impact on Massachusetts society. I would also recommend it because after reading it, one gets the sense of what a modern day witch-hunt looks like. Hopefully, by reading about this troubling period in American history, we can avoid repetitions of this type of hysteria in the future.

Psychology of Health in the Workplace Essay

This document will discuss the relationship between health and psychology in the workplace and how certain lifestyle choices affect these areas. This paper will also include examples of lifestyle choices that enhance personal health and reduce illnesses. Understanding how health and psychology relate to each other will allow an individual the ability to be successful in relationships in or out of the workplace. Health is commonly misunderstood as meaning not sick. Health is when a person sustains a good state of mental, social, and physical well-being. Psychology involves understanding the mind and how it relates to behaviors. When studying Psychology the goal is to understand individual and group behaviors by general principles and research. Health and Psychology work together to promote an individual with a sound state of mind and optimal physical health and then the social should fall into place. How an individual decides to live his or her daily life can determine health factors in the future. An example of this would be a person’s daily eating habits. If choosing healthy balanced meals daily including exercise are less likely to acquire diseases such as obesity, cancer, heart disease, or emphysema. These diseases are common with people who choose to consume unhealthy diets, refrain from any physical activity, and make choices like excessive alcoholic beverages or smoking. Maintaining healthy food choices along with some type of physical activity will balance the mind and promotes the ability to make good choices. Having high levels of anxiety can also increase an individual’s chance of developing other illnesses. A person with high anxiety cannot focus and maintain a normal behavior in the workplace. Stressful jobs can cause an individual to worry and become anxious about his or her work performance resulting in an anxiety disorder. This is the most common mental disorder and affects million of adults, young and old, in the United States. An individual can practice daily  activities such as yoga, exercise, or meditating to reduce the chance of experiencing anxiety. By making choices to reduce stress will enable a person to perform at a higher capacity in the workplace. Conclusion When an individual makes choices that affect his or her health this can affect how he or she performs in the workplace. An example would be an individual who choices to drink alcohol daily will start to show signs of having an unhealthy mind and poor physical health. By consuming alcohol daily reduces one’s ability to think straight and make clear choices. It also can become a health issue if continued over a period of time. This will make others in the workplace uncomfortable and not trust the choices the individual is making if he or she cannot work without drinking alcohol. Making good decisions about our daily choices made concerning our eating habits will determine our future health. By consuming a healthy diet will decrease a person’s chances of obtaining a chronic disease. Therefore, making good choices about our health will promote a healthy state of mind and help individuals to be successful in or out of the workplace. Finding ways to reduce stress and enhance our daily lifestyle can help an individual to live a balanced and happy life. References Taylor, S. E. (2011). Health Pschology (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. WebMd. (2012, March). Anxiety & Panic Disorders Health Center. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/anxiety-at-work

Aldi Case Essay

Individual Action points included in the presentation8 Appendix8 Executive Report Group 9 was assigned with the Aldi case study for the Marketing Management assessment. I was assigned with the role of Group Leader by the members and also trusted with the work for the PowerPoint presentation slides as I stated that I have the proper knowledge. The role of the leader was taken seriously and I starting setting the meeting conditions and proposed and delegated the individual research subjects related to our group case study. The individual research I undertook for the Aldi case study was the defining the Lean concept and detail research of the Continuous Improvement concept. As a group leader I took the decision that all the individual pieces of research to be presented inside the group for all to acknowledge the management concepts used into making the company run lean processes and getting customer satisfaction. Personally I designed the slides and the structure, which was later slightly modified by John Vincent’s proposal. Together we practiced and we have presented remarkably at the final presentation. Within the presentation I exposed a summary of the theoretical concepts of Lean Production, Continuous Improvement, Time Based Management, JIT production and Total Quality Management and was followed by Medet Coban who presented the Economies of Scale Concept while in the closing part John Vincent presented the benefits of Lean Thinking concluded with a Market research regarding Aldi’s competitive advantage. Key areas of personal research and sources of information As part of the Group 9 which had as case study the food retailing company ALDI, the following areas of research have been identified: * Lean thinking philosophy * Lean production * Continuous Improvement * Just In Time Management * Total Quality Management * Economies of Scale. The research of these concepts was distributed among the group members for a more in depth research and understanding. The key areas of research that I undertook for the group activity were 1. Defining and understanding the concepts of Lean Thinking Philosophy and Lean Production 2. Continuous Improvement. Used as sources of information for the foundation of my research were the LSC Library where I am registered as a student and the internet research. Also the group used the information of the case study. The proportion of the Library research weighted aprox. 80% of the total personal research, while the case study information weighted 10% and the internet sources also about 10%. The book references will be found in the appendix at the end of this report. Key theoretical positions summary In the group presentation there were analyzed and presented the following theoretical issues: The Mission and the Objectives The Mission is established by the top management of a company. It represents the long term achievements that are wanted to be reached and the basic principles to be followed to get as close as possible to the proposed mission. These principles must be followed by all employees as they represent the company’s values and in time the will develop into the company’s culture. The Objectives or targets are meant to set the results of the activity that the company needs to achieve in order to accomplish the mission set at the beginning. They can be quantitative or qualitative but always they have to be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time defined) In our presentation it was specified that the Aldi’s mission was established using the ideology Lean Thinking and that Aldi uses the same philosophy’s principles in order to achieve its business objective for growth and continuous improvement. Lean Thinking is the concept where efficiency is developed by the improvement of the quality while reducing the costs, time, space and effort. The concept is used most of the time interchangeable with the JIT concept. Lean Production is the process of organizing each process of an organization with the purpose of increasing the efficiency and minimizing the waste. Next there were presented the others concepts used as tools into achieving the lean processes as they were also presented in the case study: Continuous Improvement – relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. A learning organization is also able to generalize the knowledge gained in the improvement process by its employees and then replicate it among them. Time Based Management – it’s a general approach meant to reduce the level of unproductive time of the business’ processes. It usually requires multi-trained staff and/or advanced technology but it leads to advantages like faster market adaptability and a faster new product development. Just in Time Production – the management system where a company provides its products/services only as demanded on the market. The benefits of JIT are the reduced cost of stock management (only the necessary stock needed to cover for potentially delay of the suppliers or the production itself), fast adaptability for the demands on the market and waste reduction. Total Quality Management – a general management concept that concludes that all the factors and the resources of the company should be used towards achieving long term success through customer satisfaction. Its philosophy is getting things done right the first time. Economies of Scale – is an effect of running the organization efficiently and applying also the previous concepts. It presumes that a company will increase their incomes with a larger production/activity while maintaining approximately the same level of costs by using its resources efficiently. Individual Key Conclusions First we learned about Lean Thinking concept and how important it is in today’s world to be efficient. Studying ALDI case study we analyzed and discovered that having a competitive advantage on the market is both beneficial for the company and the customers in the same time. ALDI’s competitive advantage was to offer the customers the high quality products at lower prices by using the efficiency concepts that allowed them to run their processes with the minimum waste and costs. The lean thinking was adopted by the top management and included in the mission statement and the business objectives as the strategy to deliver the business benefits to the stockholders and the customers. The efficiency concepts used are interchangeable and complementary and they all lead towards achieving economies of scale profitability. Continuous improvement – everybody in the organization is to accept the responsibility of their tasks and contribute to the efficiency of the organization by improving the process and the standards of the activity. Time Based Management – is the most efficient when the company relies on multi skilled trained staff and can be considered as one of the main results of the continuous improvement. Just In Time concept orientates the company’s activity towards the market requirements and allows it adapt its production volume, standards and diversity to the requirements of the customers. Total Quality Management is a global management concept that guides the entire organization’s activity towards achieving customer satisfaction and every process must be efficiently improved to meet the quality, price and customer service demanded by the consumer. Economies of scale are the primary result of the efficiency concepts that have been applied in an integrated manner towards improving the business processes and to deliver the customer satisfaction. This will achieve the long term durability and development of the company as the mission and the objectives are oriented. The practical issues that arose prior to the presentation were: * The difficulty into arranging a meeting were all the members be present and therefore making some of the group decisions just based on the judgement of the named leader. * The structure of the presentation was changed just on the last meeting as an intervention of one of the members. The risk of losing time into the preparation and repetition was bigger than the risk of the last minute change and therefore we adopted the idea. After having the Power point slides done there have been modifications into the presentation which there were not changed into the printed handout due to the lack of time. Key Critical Observations and Commentary The first impression regarding the case study was that I would have had rather as the group assessment the marketing research and the development of a new marketing strategy. The start of the work on this piece was delayed due to the uncertainty of what exactly we are supposed to do. However, working on this case study gave me the opportunity to remark that Marketing is an integrated component of the entire organizational structure even though the concepts were mostly about operational management. Discovering the management concepts like Continuous Improvement, Just In Time Management, Time Based Management or Total Quality Management made the group realize that the Marketing Strategy is more efficient when the company has its production and services oriented towards getting customer satisfaction. The individual assignment directions I found to be a little bit confusing. Key topics of personal learning They key topic that I personally learned as a result of undertaking the group assignment was the Continuous Improvement concept. I have learned that Continuous Improvement is one of the two improvement methods, the second one being Discontinuous Change or Business Process Innovation. While the second method has a rather radical approach and it’s mostly used as a final resort to adapt to the environment requirements, Continuous improvement relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. The 3 steps in assuring CI are: 1. creating the appropriate environment – the Company must create an ambience where all employees adopt the organization’s values and then set up standard procedures for the improvement process. The most common procedure is Deming’s and Shewhart’s Plan Do Control Act cycle. 2. Involving everyone in the Organization – Company is responsible for the employees’ participation. They must train the staff in Statistical Programming Control and work teams to encourage employee participation as well as setting the objectives like Quality Costs Delivery Safety Moral. . Using the proper Problem Solving Skills – Company must make sure that all teams have the appropriate Problem Solving Skills for the process improvement they’re responsible for. Continuous Improvement also relates to the concept of Learning Organization which means that learning of individuals must be generalized and replicated inside the comp any to achieve the best optimum improvement performance. Executive Summary of The Group activity I consider that the team we created and the group assignment was successful due to the following factors: * The final presentation went well, as planned and everybody was happy of the result; * Each student had the opportunity to do a piece of research and then presenting it to the other members of the group which helped learn individually and also teach each other in an interactive manner; * Group relations were well linked and there were no complaints to each other inside the group. The presentation of the individual research increased everyone’s confidence of taken a real presentation on their own for different subjects and in different situations. Individual Action points included in the presentation The personal contribution towards the group presentation consists of: 1. I was firstly elected as the leader of the group. My role was taken seriously and I tried to set the best times for meetings and also tried to get everyone involved in the decisions and brainstorming proc ess 2. I suggested leads to be followed for the presentation. I divided the research subjects and made everyone responsible for their own piece of work. The summary of each subject of research was presented individually inside the group. 3. PowerPoint slides’ design and structure were set personally and each member has its contribution with the content of their research for one slide of presentation. 4. Created the speech for the piece of presentation I was involved and took an active role into the practice of the presentation by directing and suggesting improvements.

Compare the Presentation of Change in Yeats”Sailing to Byzantium’

Compare the presentation of change in Yeats’ ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ and ‘The Second Coming’ Both of Yeats’ poems express his opinions and viewpoint of the changes in society and people’s beliefs. Through the poem ‘The Second Coming’ Yeats highlights his belief that the twentieth century had seen the beginning of a new darker era, full of violence and struggles for independence and the effects of the Great War. The second poem ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ expresses Yeats’ observations of old age and the comforting idea of travelling to Byzantium.Through the poem ‘The Second Coming’ reflects more than just society and politics within Ireland, but expresses Yeats’ turn of attention towards larger scale graphical and spiritual events such as The Great War in 1919. The Christian idea of the ‘Second coming’ that Christ would return is featured as the centre pin to Yeats’ poem a s questions what has become of his present day society, and how it had mutated and evolved from the more traditional, biblical times featured in religious stories and beliefs.The poem showcases Yeats’ acute understanding that a potentially dark time is ahead. The poem ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ features the theme of aging, a popular writing topic of Yeats’ also used in other poems such as ‘Wild Swans at Coole’. The idea of escaping the unaccommodating world and society of youth, and journeying to a calm Island of Byzantium appears a comforting thought. The poem written in when Yeats was around 60 years old provides insight into his thoughts of what it means to be old. The Second Coming’ contains links between how Yeats views society and the birth of Christ and the belief he would return. The first stanza of the poem contains imagery of violence and a lack of order. The phrase ‘mere anarchy’ highlights the main subject of the po em, the loss of a culture or civilisation, this dark imagery is used throughout the poem, ‘ Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold’ implies that the things at the heart of Yeats’ modern culture are literary and metaphorically broken.This change is described using natural imager of water; ‘the blood-dimmed tide’ and ‘the ceremony of innocence is drowned’ create a sense of fear as the natural power of water is uncontrollable, like the change Yeats is experiencing in the society of his time. This idea that the current society is not appropriate is shared in ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ as it is explained that it is ‘no country for old men’ and that ‘an aged man is but a paltry thing’, both phrases express the feeling of being out of place and unwanted ue to aging. Through the development of imagery such as ‘ the salmon- fall’ evoke the energy of youth whilst later ‘ a dying animalâ€⠄¢ contrast youth with age allowing Yeats to highlight the change from youth to experience with age. In the poem ‘The Second Coming’ Yeats uses the line ‘ the falcon cannot hear the falconer’ to give the worrying sense that nature is inverted and things are not as they should be, triggered by the coming change at the birth of a new era.The lines ‘The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity’, built on opposites ‘best and worst’ again support the theme that the change has inverted life for the worst. The religious imagery of the birth of the ‘rough beast’, as it ‘slouches towards Bethlehem’ lacks an hint of human qualities, making it a stark contrast to the biblical, gentle saviour of Christ, but as a dehumanised monster. The use of stark contrast is also used within ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ between the differences of being young and old, ‘the young in one another’s arms’ carefree and ‘sick with desire’ of an aged man jealous of the youthful.The word ‘gyre’ in both poems is used as a common link to highlight to the reader that the changes occurring in both ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ and ‘The Second Coming’ are unavoidable and uncontrollable. While the technique of alliteration, ‘Bethlehem to be born’ in ‘The Second Coming’ supports the momentum and inevitability of change and the new era. Also ‘Fish, flesh, or fowl’ in ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ has a powerful effect as it recaptures all fish, youth and birds and brings them once again to the attention of the reader, as these three species are examples of youth and support the change experienced by the old.In conclusion through both poems Yeats expresses different types of change and the extent they have on people and society. While in ‘The Second Coming’ Yeats fo cuses on the worrying and almost threatening change in society through the twentieth century he highlights the also worrying, for different reason, inevitability of aging and the want to escape from the struggles of modern, youth controlled society.